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Digital Forensics and Cultural Heritage

Earlier this week at the Fall CNI Membership Meeting, Professor Matthew Kirschenbaum and Rachel Donahue of the University of Maryland College Park presented their results of their study of digital forensics tools and methods in the context of curating digital materials. We’ll be making video of this presentation available online early in the new year and will announce this through CNI-announce when it’s available. Concurrent with the CNI presentation, however, CLIR has released the full report of the digital forensics project; it’s available at

http://www.clir.org/pubs/abstract/pub149abst.html

I’ve reproduced the CLIR announcement below to provide some additional background on this very interesting work, which I think will have particular relevance to the management of digital “personal papers” by archives and special collections in future.

Clifford Lynch
Director, CNI

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Report Examines Use of Digital Forensics Tools and Methods
in Cultural Heritage Sector

December 14, 2010-The Council on Library and Information Resources (CLIR) today released a report examining how the cultural heritage community can benefit from methods and tools developed for work in digital forensics.

The report, Digital Forensics and Born-Digital Content in Cultural Heritage Collections, was written by Matthew G. Kirschenbaum, Richard Ovenden, and Gabriela Redwine, with research assistance from Rachel Donahue.

Digital forensics was once specialized to fields of law enforcement, computer security, and national defense, but the growing ubiquity of computers and electronic devices means that digital forensics is now used in a variety of circumstances.

Because most records today are born digital, libraries, archives, and other collecting institutions increasingly receive computer storage media-and sometimes entire computers-as part of their acquisition of “papers.” Staff at these institutions face challenges such as accessing and preserving legacy formats, recovering data, ensuring authenticity, and maintaining trust. The methods and tools that forensics experts have developed can be useful in meeting these challenges. For example, the same forensics software that indexes a criminal suspect’s hard drive allows the archivist to prepare a comprehensive manifest of the electronic files a donor has turned over for accession.

The report introduces the field of digital forensics in the cultural heritage sector and explores some points of convergence between the interests of those charged with collecting and maintaining born-digital cultural heritage materials and those charged with collecting and maintaining legal evidence.

Kirschenbaum is associate professor in the Department of English at the University of Maryland and associate director of the Maryland Institute for Technology in the Humanities (MITH). Ovenden is associate director and keeper of special collections of the Bodleian Libraries, University of Oxford, and a professional fellow at St Hugh’s College, Oxford. Redwine is archivist and electronic records/metadata specialist at the Harry Ransom Center, The University of Texas at Austin. Donahue is a doctoral student at the University of Maryland’s iSchool and research assistant at MITH. The authors conducted their research and writing with support from The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation.

Digital Forensics and Born-Digital Content in Cultural Heritage Collections is available electronically at http://www.clir.org/pubs/abstract/pub149abst.html. Print copies will be available in January for ordering through CLIR’s Web site, for $25 per copy plus shipping and handling.

CNI 2010-2011 Program Plan Available Online

The CNI 2010-2011 Program Plan, which was distributed in printed form to participants at our Fall Membership Meeting in Washington, DC earlier this week, is now available online at the CNI Web site, at

http://www.cni.org/program/

We will also be mailing printed copies to our member representatives.

The Fall meeting was a great success; in the coming weeks we’ll be releasing video of the plenary sessions and a few selected breakouts, and also making available presentation materials on the CNI Web site.

With best wishes for the holidays.

Clifford Lynch
Director, CNI

The Ivory Tower and the Open Web

The Ivory Tower and the Open Web

Daniel J. Cohen
Director
Center for History and New Media George Mason University

Roadmap for the Fall 2010 CNI Member Meeting

A Guide to the Fall 2010
Coalition for Networked Information Membership Meeting

The Fall 2010 CNI Membership Meeting, to be held at the Crystal Gateway Marriott Hotel in Arlington, Virginia on December 13 and 14, offers a wide range of presentations that advance and report on CNI’s programs, showcase projects underway at member institutions, and highlight important national and international developments. Here is the “roadmap” to the sessions at the meeting, which includes both plenary events and an extensive series of breakout sessions focusing on current developments in digital information. As always, we have strived to present sessions that reflect late-breaking developments and also take advantage of our venue in the Washington, DC area to provide opportunities to interact with policy makers and funders.

As usual, the CNI meeting proper is preceded by an optional orientation session for new attendees-both representatives of new member organizations and new representatives or alternate delegates from existing member organizations-at 11:30 AM; guests are also welcome. Refreshments are available for all at 12:15 PM on Monday, December 13. The opening plenary is at 1:15 PM and will be followed by two rounds of parallel breakout sessions. Tuesday, December 14, includes additional rounds of parallel breakout sessions, lunch and the closing keynote, concluding around 3:30 PM. Along with plenary and breakout sessions, the meeting includes generous break time for informal networking with colleagues and a reception which will run until 7:00 PM on Monday evening, December 13, after which participants can enjoy a wide range of dining opportunities in the Crystal City and Washington areas. Downtown Washington, DC is a quick taxi ride or accessible via the METRO, which is directly connected to the Crystal Gateway hotel.

The CNI meeting agenda is subject to last minute changes, particularly in the breakout sessions, and you can find the most current information on our Web site, www.cni.org, and on the announcements board near the registration desk at the meeting.

The Plenary Sessions

As is usual at our fall meetings, I have reserved the opening plenary session to address key developments in networked information, discuss progress on the Coalition’s agenda, and highlight selected initiatives from the 2010-2011 Program Plan. This year, I’ll also announce a special project that we have planned to recognize the Coalition’s 20th anniversary. The Program Plan will be distributed at the meeting (and will be available electronically on the Coalition’s Web site,www.cni.org around December 13). I look forward to sharing the Coalition’s continually evolving strategy with you, as well as discussing current issues. The opening plenary will include time for questions and discussion, and I am eager to hear your comments.

The closing plenary, scheduled to start at 2:15PM on Tuesday, will be given by Professor Dan Cohen, the Director of the Center for History and New Media at George Mason University. Dan is well known to many within the CNI community as one of the leaders of the new generation of humanists making very sophisticated use of digital media and tools; you may have read about some of his research work with the Google book corpus recently in the New York Times. Or you may have used Zotero; Dan has led the development of this project, funded by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, to extend the Firefox browser with a highly sophisticated citation manager that exploits social networking. He worked closely with the late Roy Rosenzweig on their milestone book Digital History, and has also authored Equations from God: Pure Mathematics and Victorian Faith on his research into the intellectual history of Victorian-era mathematics. Among his many other contributions, he has been a great help to me in recent years as an at-large member of the CNI steering committee.

Dan has a new book, The Ivory Tower and the Open Web, coming out in 2011; in his plenary address he will explore some of the key theses of this work, which looks at the interplay and disconnects between the traditional scholarly communication system and the new genres of communication that continue to develop on the Web. I continue to be fascinated by Dan’s ability to draw out insightful new relationships between seemingly disparate developments and to reframe questions about the future of scholarship. I can guarantee that this will be a deeply thought-provoking discussion.

Highlighted Breakout Sessions

I will not attempt to comprehensively summarize the wealth of breakout sessions here. However, I want to note particularly some sessions that have strong connections to the Coalition’s 2010-2011 Program Plan and also a few other sessions of special interest, and to provide some additional context for a few sessions that may be helpful to attendees in making session choices. We have a packed agenda of breakout sessions, and, as always, will try to put material from these sessions on our Web site following the meeting for those who were unable to attend.

A major continuing theme at this meeting is developments in cyberinfrastructure and data curation. We are delighted to have Alan Blatecky of the National Science Foundation (NSF) present an overall update on NSF’s Cyberinfrastructure Framework for 21st Century Science and Engineering. Over the past year, NSF has had a number of advisory task forces that are now reporting back with recommendations to inform the development of this framework, so this is an ideal time to assess developments. National level cyberinfrastructure work must link up with campus-based strategies; we’ll have a presentation by Sally Jackson, CIO at the University of Illinois, on the impact of institutional cyberinfrastructure on research initiatives. Another important development has been the announcement that NSF will join the National Institutes of Health in requiring data management plans as part of grant applications, effective January 2011; while this has been expected, details only began to be available in October, and many of our member institutions are now moving very quickly to ensure that they can support their faculty in responding to these mandates. Princeton and Purdue will describe their institutional models for data management and participants are encouraged to discuss what is developing on their campuses. We will also have a session on preserving social science research data using Fedora.

In the past two years, linked open data has received a lot of attention as a model for making data-particularly scientific data-available and for interconnecting a wide range of data resources. Uptake, however, has been patchy. We will have a panel that critically examines the prospects and barriers for linked open data, which I hope will help us gain a more balanced assessment of the technologies and related organizational and social initiatives.

Myron Gutmann, NSF’s newly-appointed Assistant Director for Social, Behavioral and Economic Sciences, issued an extraordinary public call for views on the new opportunities and priorities for social sciences research in 2020. Myron and Amy Friedlander will present an initial survey and analysis of responses to this call and offer preliminary thoughts on how the research agenda in these disciplines may evolve.

The Association of Research Libraries (ARL) has produced an exceptionally good set of scenarios sketching possible futures for the research enterprise; I think these will find wide applicability in institutional strategic planning efforts. Karla Strieb, who led the ARL work, will present these scenarios and discuss ways in which they might be employed.

Several briefings will focus on issues related to scholarly communications, repositories, and publishing. Representatives from the University of Michigan, Cornell University, and Duke University Press will discuss various models of scholarly publishing and collaborative strategies. ProQuest will describe developments in the company’s thesis and dissertation publishing program. We will have a session on a project that is looking at a LOCKSS solution of open access materials from German institutional repositories. Representatives from the Center for Research Libraries and Portico will discuss a certification and assessment process for trusted digital repositories from the perspectives of auditor and repository operator.

As libraries approach digitization of their own collections, a common stumbling block is what to do about materials that may still be under copyright protection. Three universities will describe their policies, strategies, and workflows for these types of materials in their digitization projects.

We will have a report on the OCLC Research Survey of Special Collections, which provides perspectives on the challenges and opportunities for these materials in the digital environment. Stanford University will describe its framework, involving librarians from various units, for adding Web materials to its collections. The Library of Congress will provide an update on its National Digital Information Infrastructure and Preservation Program (NDIIPP) and its initiatives for 2011; they are tackling some very complex issues related to born-digital collections. David Kirsch of the University of Maryland has been doing some outstanding work on the public interest in the long-term preservation of private business and organizational records and will report on his recent work in this area within the NDIIPP.

There has been a good deal of interest in the possible applications of computer forensics techniques to the ingest and management of personal digital archives; probably the deepest examination of the possibilities here has been the work of Matthew Kirschenbaum and his colleagues at the University of Maryland, which were presented earlier this year in an excellent symposium that I was fortunate to be able to attend. They have prepared a major report on these issues, and will summarize this work for us.

A number of sessions will demonstrate the wide variety of work that is taking place related to digital scholarship, particularly in the humanities. One briefing will highlight a unique collection of Cuban theater materials at the University of Miami. Another will focus on jazz discography and a collaborative Web site developed at Columbia University. The University of Nebraska and Brown University will describe their programs for working with digital humanities scholars and will also discuss the facilities and staff that support this work. At the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), a new laboratory for digital cultural heritage will provide a state-of-the-art facility for collaborative work on digital initiatives, involving faculty, librarians, IT, and students. Another session will describe innovative digital humanities initiatives in liberal arts colleges, bringing undergraduates into direct contact with the work of digital scholars.

Bamboo, a large-scale, multi-institutional program to support digital humanities has moved from planning to implementation, with a focused agenda that emphasizes the development of common virtual research environments and tools and resources that can interoperate within them. We’ll have a presentation on this new stage of the initiative, which is funded by the Mellon Foundation.

As digital collections increase in number, size, and complexity, there is a growing need for new tools for librarians, researchers and scholars. Annotation of resources in the digital environment has been an ongoing area of tool development, and we will have a report from Herbert Van de Sompel, Robert Sanderson, and Tim Cole about progress being made by the Open Annotation project. The bX Recommender service will assist the discovery process in online libraries, using an approach that is informed by data about user search behavior. The University of Georgia will discuss its trial of a central index discovery tool and the University of Nevada Las Vegas will report on its survey of vendor “Web-scale” discovery services. We will have reports from two projects at the National Library of Medicine, one that will describe the infrastructure of the new MedlinePlus Connect service and one that provides an update on NLM DTDs. In a project funded by the DFG (German Science Foundation), researchers are focusing on techniques to automate the processing of historic documents when optical character recognition (OCR) is not possible; they will describe their Venod system. We will also have a report from MIT on the updating of the popular Exhibit tool.

Sessions focusing on campus IT projects include an institutional reorganization and revamping of IT services at Cornell University, as well as a project at Emory University that seeks to understand cloud-based capacity for a variety of digital projects.

A number of sessions will provide insights into new developments related to teaching and learning and the educational process. Ira Fuchs, in his new role at EDUCAUSE, will discuss the recently launched Next Generation Learning Challenges initiative, which will be making grants to projects that show promise for dramatically improving college readiness and completion. We will learn about the new EDUCAUSE Learning Initiative (ELI) project Evidence of Impact, which seeks to understand ways in which institutions are currently gathering and analyzing evidence of the impact of technology-based innovations in teaching and learning. CNI’s Joan Lippincott will join ELI’s Malcolm Brown in presenting this session. VTLS Inc. will present its system for multi-channel streaming media of course presentations and the way in which it can enhance learning. Columbia University and ARTstor will discuss multimedia analysis software that can be used by students to tag, annotate, clip, and embed images, audio, and video into individual and group multimedia projects. An innovative project that reaches out to library users is the Public WOW interface and display at Case Western Reserve University Library; it highlights all types of library usage data, raising awareness of the many ways people use the library.

Finally, the Association of College & Research Libraries will highlight findings from their Value of Academic Libraries initiative and describe next steps.

There is much more, and I invite you to browse the complete list of breakout sessions and their full abstracts at the CNI Web site. In many cases you will find these abstracts include pointers to reference material that you may find useful to explore prior to the session, and after the meeting we will add material from the actual presentations, including selected video recordings, when they available to us. You can also follow the meeting via Twitter, using the hashtag #cni10f.

I look forward to seeing you in Arlington, Virginia this December for what promises to be another extremely worthwhile meeting. Please contact me (cliff@cni.org), or Joan Lippincott, CNI’s Associate Director (joan@cni.org) if we can provide you with any additional information on the meeting.

Clifford Lynch

CNI Meeting Update: Schedule, Abstracts & Twitter

A schedule of project briefings to be presented at the Fall 2010 CNI Membership Meeting is now available:

http://www.cni.org/tfms/2010b.fall/schedule.html

Links from this page lead to session abstracts; we are continuing to add supplemental information as it becomes available.

Additionally, the meeting Schedule of Events (not including handouts) is available for download from:
http://www.cni.org/tfms/2010b.fall/project.html

We will be posting meeting updates from the CNI Twitter account (http://twitter.com/cni_org) using the hashtag #cni10f and we encourage other twitterers to do the same.

The meeting will be held in Arlington, VA, December 13-14.

We look forward to seeing you in Arlington!

ARL’s 2030 Scenarios Look at the Future of Research

Karla Strieb
Assistant Executive Director
Association of Research Libraries

In 2010 the Association of Research Libraries (ARL) embarked on a scenario visioning project looking at the future environment for research. Based on input from leaders in the research library community, a set of four scenarios for 2030 were developed to answer the question, “How do we transform our organization(s) to create differential value for future users (individuals, institutions, and beyond), given the external dynamics redefining the research environment over the next 20 years?” Released in October, the “ARL 2030 Scenario Set” does not describe libraries, but rather the research environment in which research libraries will function. Because the scenarios function as a set to highlight critical uncertainties, i.e. unknowns, they are potentially useful to a wide range of service providers that seek to thrive by enabling research programs and researchers in an evolving research enterprise.

Scenario planning is widely used within industry and government but has been relatively rarely used in higher education settings. Scenario planning focuses on selecting the most critical uncertainties implicit in the focus question and exploring their implications. This engagement with the unknown makes it a powerful complement to more familiar strategies oriented to prediction that may over-emphasize assumptions and past trends. This session will briefly introduce basic concepts of scenario planning, describe the ARL project and the scenario creation process, provide an overview of the scenario set, and suggest several ways in which the scenario set could be used to enhance planning for research support.

 

http://www.arl.org/rtl/plan/scenarios/
http://www.arl.org/rtl/plan/scenarios/usersguide/

Handout (PDF)

Assessing Cyberinfrastructure Impact

Assessing Cyberinfrastructure Impact

 

Sally Jackson
Chief Information Officer
University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign

Campus cyberinfrastructure is mostly unplanned, driven by faculty interest and success in attracting grant funding for specific projects. Cyberinfrastructure impact analysis is a methodical procedure for anticipating how any project will affect the rest of the complicated research ecosystem. One way to implement this form of analysis is through use of a rubric that guides an analyst in identifying and evaluating a project’s effects on the campus. This presentation will focus on the rationale for cyberinfrastructure impact analysis and some possible tools for conducting efficient analysis of research proposals.

Presentation (PPT)

Bamboo Technology Project: Building Research Environments for the Digital Humanities

David Greenbaum
Director, Bamboo Technology Project; Director, IST-Data Services, UC Berkeley
Univeristy of California, Berkeley

James D. Muehlenberg
Assistant Director, DoIT Academic Technology
University of Wisconsin-Madison

Tim Cole
Assistant Engineering Librarian for Information Services
University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign

In September 2010, the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation awarded a $1.3 million grant to an international partnership of 10 universities to carry out the first 18-month build phase of a proposed multi-phase Bamboo Technology Project (BTP). The partners in the project have pledged an equivalent amount of cost-share to the project, creating one of the larger collective investments in shared humanities e-research development in the last several years. BTP ‘12 builds from the Bamboo Planning Project – a process that engaged approximately 600 faculty, librarians, and technologists from 115 institutions to address the question: “How can we advance the arts and humanities through the development of shared technology services?”

In Bamboo Technology Project 2012, we will build and design e-research environments for humanities scholars. In our first 18-month phase of work, Bamboo will deliver three things. First, we will create easy-to-use, scalable environments for digital scholarship that can be run by institutions to support many arts and humanities scholars. These virtual research environments will include core tools for content management, collaboration, and the connection to distributed collections and web services. Second, we will define design options for how e-research environments can evolve to support increasingly complex and large-scale forms of corpora scholarship across disciplines. This design process will inform our proposed, second 18-month phase of build work. Third, we will develop frameworks and shared services – underlying infrastructure – that higher education institutions can use collectively to sustain and connect e-research environments and collections.

In this presentation we will provide an overview of the four major areas of work that teams of scholars, technologists, and librarians from the ten partner institutions are carrying out in BTP ’12. These areas of work are: (1) the development of Scholarly Work Spaces, (2) the design of future Corpora Space environments, (3) the modeling of scholarly analytic functions as web services, and (4) the adoption and definition of Collections Interoperability standards and services.

 

https://wiki.projectbamboo.org/display/BTECH/Technology+Wiki+-+Home

The bX Recommender: Search Informing Discovery

Nettie Lagace
Product Manager
Ex Libris

Carl Grant
Chief Librarian
Ex Libris

Jeff Huestis
Associate Dean for Technology
Washington University

Marvin Pollard
Manager of Systemwide Digital Library Services
California State University, Office of the Chancellor

bX, the scholarly recommender service from Ex Libris, based on the research of Johan Bollen and Herbert Van de Sompel from the Los Alamos National Laboratory, is an example of how discovery processes in online libraries and, indeed, librarianship can be substantively extended in the future. As the richness of patron-to-librarian reference interviews have all but disappeared in many environments, bX shows how these types of one-on-one searching activities can be used to collect pattern and user behavior information (potentially including clickstreams, items utilization & actions taken), then augment these large-scale collections of usage data with algorithmic computation, data mining, and statistical analysis to form the basis of automated, social user services that will support a more scalable version of librarianship — deployable across the Web with proven benefits for end users. This session will examine some specific examples showing how some of the concepts employed in bX could be extended and used to create and support this new vision of librarianship and how new measurements for end-user satisfaction and success can be found.

 

http://www.exlibrisgroup.com/category/bXOverview

Presentation (MS Word)