Publications
Selected Articles and Book Chapters
by CNI Executive Director Clifford Lynch
1997-Present*
*See also Talks & Interviews & Publications Prior to 1997
“Lee Dirks: An Appreciation”
Clifford A. Lynch, “Lee Dirks: An Appreciation” (September 2012). (HTML)
“University Press System to Support Scholarship”
Clifford A. Lynch, “Imagining a University Press System to Support Scholarship in the Digital Age.” Journal of Electronic Publishing (November 2010). (HTML)
“ETDs and Graduate Education: Programs and Prospects”
Joan K. Lippincott and Clifford A. Lynch, “ETDs and Graduate Education: Programs and Prospects,” Research Library Issues 270 (June 2010). (PDF)
“Special Collections at the Cusp of the Digital Age: A Credo”
Clifford A. Lynch, “Special Collections at the Cusp of the Digital Age: A Credo,” Research Library Issues, no. 267 (December 2009). (HTML)
“Jim Gray’s Fourth Paradigm and the Construction of the Scientific Record”
Clifford A. Lynch, “Jim Gray’s Fourth Paradigm and the Construction of the Scientific Record,” The Fourth Paradigm, edited by Tony Hey. Microsoft Research, 2009. (PDF)
“The Institutional Challenges of Cyberinfrastructure and E-Research”
Clifford A. Lynch, “The Institutional Challenges of Cyberinfrastructure and E-Research,” EDUCAUSE Review, vol. 46, no. 3 (November/December 2008). (HTML)
“Big Data: How Do Your Data Grow?”
Clifford A. Lynch, “Big data: How do your data grow?” Nature, vol. 455, no. 7209 (September 3, 2008). (Link to Abstract)
“Digital Libraries, Learning Communities, and Open Education”
Clifford A. Lynch, “Digital Libraries, Learning Communities, and Open Education,” Opening Up Education: The Collective Advancement of Education through Open Technology, Open Content, and Open Knowledge, Toru Iiyoshi, M. S. Vijay Kumar (Eds.), (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2008). (PDF)
“Information Technology and the Future of Higher Education”
Clifford A. Lynch, “A Matter of Mission: Information Technology and the Future of Higher Education,” The Tower and The Cloud, Richard N. Katz (Ed.), (Boulder: EDUCAUSE, 2008), 43-50. (HTML)
“Repatriation, Reconstruction, and Cultural Diplomacy”
Clifford A. Lynch, “Repatriation, Reconstruction, and Cultural Diplomacy in the Digital World,” EDUCAUSE Review, vol. 43, no. 1 (January/February 2008). (HTML)
“Shape of the Scientific Article in the Developing Cyberinfrastructure”
Clifford A. Lynch, “The Shape of the Scientific Article in the Developing Cyberinfrastructure,” CTWatch Quarterly (August 2007). (HTML)
“Improving Access to Research Results”
Clifford A. Lynch, ”Improving Access to Research Results: Six Points,” ARL: A Bimonthly Report on Research Library Issues and Actions from ARL, CNI, and SPARC, no. 248 (October 2006): 5-7. (HTML)
“DRM & Higher Ed,” CIP Handbook
Kimberly B. Kelley, Kimberly M. Bonner, Clifford A. Lynch and Jaehong Park, “Digital Rights Management (DRM) and Higher Education: Opportunities and Challenges,” The Center for Intellectual Property Handbook, Kimberly M. Bonner and the staff of the Center for Intellectual Property (Eds.), (NY, NY: Neal-Schuman Publishers, 2006), pp. 107-122.
“Open Computation: Beyond Human-Reader-Centric Views of Scholarly Literatures”
Clifford A. Lynch, “Open Computation: Beyond Human-Reader-Centric Views of Scholarly Literatures,” Open Access: Key Strategic, Technical and Economic Aspects, Neil Jacobs (Ed.), (Oxford: Chandos Publishing, 2006), 185-193. (PDF)
“Copyright Law, Intellectual Property Policy, and Academic Culture,” CIP Handbook
Clifford A. Lynch, “Copyright Law, Intellectual Property Policy, and Academic Culture,” The Center for Intellectual Property Handbook, Kimberly M. Bonner and the staff of the Center for Intellectual Property (Eds.), (NY, NY: Neal-Schuman Publishers, 2006), pp. 153-174. (PDF)
“Research Libraries Engage the Digital World”
Clifford A. Lynch, “Research Libraries Engage the Digital World: A US-UK Comparative Examination of Recent History and Future Prospects,” Ariadne 46 (February, 2006). (HTML)
“IR Deployment in US”
Clifford A. Lynch and Joan K. Lippincott, “Institutional Repository Deployment in the United States as of Early 2005,” D-Lib Magazine, 11:9 (September 2005). (HTML)
“International Status of Academic Institutional Repositories”
Gerard van Westrienen and Clifford A. Lynch, “Academic Institutional Repositories: Deployment Status in 13 Nations as of Mid 2005,” D-Lib Magazine, 11:9 (September 2005). (HTML)
“Next Decade in Digital Libraries”
Clifford A. Lynch, “Where Do We Go from Here? The Next Decade in Digital Libraries,” D-Lib Magazine, 11:7/8 (July/August 2005). (HTML)
“Digital Rights Management Systems & Scholarship”
Clifford A. Lynch, “Keynote Address: Digital Rights Management Systems and Scholarship,” Colleges, Code and Copyright: The Impact of Digital Networks and Technological Controls on Copyright and the Dissemination of Information In Higher Education; Conference Proceedings, June 10-11, 2004, Adelphi, Maryland. (ACRL Publications in Librarianship, no. 57), Center for Intellectual Property, University of Maryland University College, (Chicago, IL: Association of College & Research Libraries, 2005), pp. 1-20.
“New Dimensions of Learning Communities”
Clifford A. Lynch, “The New Dimensions of Learning Communities,” Threshold (Winter 2004). [MS Word, Preprint]
“Preserving Digital Documents: Choices, Approaches, and Standards”
Clifford A. Lynch, “Preserving Digital Documents: Choices, Approaches, and Standards,” Law Library Journal 96:4 (Fall 2004), 609-17. (Article available as a PDF file from the issue Web page at www.aallnet.org/products/pub_llj_v96n04.asp).
“Interoperability between Information and Learning Environments”
Clifford A. Lynch and Neil McLean, “Interoperability between Information and Learning Environments–Bridging the Gaps,” a white paper produced jointly by IMS Global Learning Consortium and the Coalition for Networked Information (May 2004). (PDF)
“Life after Graduation”
Clifford A. Lynch, “Life After Graduation Day: Beyond the Academy’s Digital Walls,” EDUCUASE Review 38: 5 (September/October 2003), 12-13. (PDF)
“Visible Classroom”
Clifford A. Lynch, “The Visible Classroom,” EDUCAUSE Review 38: 4 (July/August 2003), 68. (PDF)
“Post-DL Research Agenda”
Clifford A. Lynch, “Reflections Towards the Development of a ‘Post-DL’ Research Agenda,” Wave of the Future: NSF Post Digital Libraries Future Workshop, Chatham, Massachusetts, June 15-17, 2003. (HTML)
“Institutional Repositories, Infrastructure for Scholarship”
Clifford A. Lynch, “Institutional Repositories: Essential Infrastructure for Scholarship in the Digital Age,” ARL Bimonthly Report 226 (February 2003), 1-7. (PDF)
Reprinted in Portal: Libraries and the Academy 3:2 (2003), pp. 327-336. Translated to French by Simone Jerome as “Les dépôts de documents institutionnels: une infrastructure éventuelle pour l’enseignement à l’ère numérique,” Cahiers de la documentation Bladen voor de documentatie 57:4 (December 2003), pp. 135-143.
Digital Rights Management in Research and Education
Clifford Lynch
Executive Director
Coalition for Networked Information
Mairead Martin
Director, Advanced Internet Technologies
University of Tennessee
In September 2002 several organizations, including CNI, sponsored an NSF Middleware Initiative and Digital Rights Management (DRM) Workshop at Georgetown University in Washington, DC. The goals of the workshop were to explore Research and Education requirements in the DRM space, consider how those requirements might be unique, and suggest how they might be met. This session will not only report on the discussion and outcomes of the workshop, but also will present an overview of the key issues in the DRM landscape today.
The NSF Middleware Initiative and Digital Rights Management Workshop
“Afterlives of Courses on the Network”
Clifford A. Lynch, “The Afterlives of Courses on the Network: Information Management Issues for Learning Management Systems,” EDUCAUSE Center for Applied Research Research Bulletin 2002:23 (November 2002). (PDF)
“Preserving Digital Info to Support Scholarship”
Clifford A. Lynch, “Preserving Digital Information to Support Scholarship,” in Maureen Devlin, Richard Larsen, and Joel Meyerson, eds., The Internet & the University: 2001 Forum (EDUCAUSE 2002). (PDF)
“Digital Collections, Digital Libraries, & Digitization of Cultural Heritage Info”
Clifford A. Lynch, “Digital Collections, Digital Libraries, and the Digitization of Cultural Heritage Information,” First Monday 7: 5 (May 2002). (HTML)
“Colliding with the Real World”
Clifford A. Lynch, “Colliding with the Real World: Heresies and Unexplored Questions about Audience, Economics, and Control of Digital Libraries,” Ann Bishop, Barbara Butterfield, and Nancy Van House, eds., Digital Library Use: Social Practice in Design and Evaluation (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2001).
“The Battle to Define the Future of the Book in the Digital World”
Clifford A. Lynch, “The Battle to Define the Future of the Book in the Digital World,” First Monday 6: 6 (June 2001). (HTML)
Commercial publishing interests are presenting the future of the book in the digital world through the promotion of e-book reading appliances and software. Implicit in this is a very complex and problematic agenda that re-establishes the book as a digital cultural artifact within a context of intellectual property rights management enforced by hardware and software systems. With the convergence of different types of content into a common digital bit-stream, developments in industries such as music are establishing precedents that may define our view of digital books. At the same time we find scholars exploring the ways in which the digital medium can enhance the traditional communication functions of the printed work, moving far beyond literal translations of the pages of printed books into the digital world. This paper examines competing visions for the future of the book in the digital environment, with particular attention to questions about the social implications of controls over intellectual property, such as continuity of cultural memory.
“Personalization and Recommender Systems”
Clifford A. Lynch, “Personalization and Recommender Systems in the Larger Context: New Directions and Research Questions,” Second DELOS Network of Excellence Workshop on Personalisation and Recommender Systems in Digital Libraries, Dublin, Ireland, June 18-20, 2001. (PDF)
“When Documents Deceive”
Clifford A. Lynch, “When Documents Deceive: Trust and Provenance as New Factors for Information Retrieval in a Tangled Web,” Journal of the American Society for Information Science 52:1 (January 2001), pp.12-17. (PDF)
“Why Broadband Matters”
Clifford A. Lynch, “Why Broadband Matters: Applications and Architectural Issues,” Educause Quarterly 23:2 (2000), pp. 59-62. (PDF)
“Cumulative Evolution as Revolution”
Clifford A. Lynch, “Cumulative Evolution as Revolution: Four Trends that Will Change the Rules for Digital Imaging Projects,” Anne R. Kenney and Oya Y. Rieger, eds., Moving Theory into Practice: Digital Imaging For Libraries and Archives (Mountain View, CA: Research Libraries Group, 2000), pp. 162-163.
“Authenticity and Integrity”
Clifford A. Lynch, “Authenticity and Integrity in the Digital Environment: An Exploratory Analysis of the Central Role of Trust,” Authenticity in a Digital Environment (Washington, DC: Council on Library and Information Resources, 2000), pp 32-50. (HTML)
“From Automation to Transformation”
Clifford A. Lynch, “From Automation to Transformation: Forty Years of Libraries and Information Technology in Higher Education,” Educause Review 35:1 (January/February 2000), pp. 60-68. (PDF)
“RFC 2768: Network Policy and Services: A Report of a Workshop on Middleware”
Bob Aiken, John Strassner, Brian Carpenter, Ian Foster, Clifford Lynch, Joe Mambretti, Regan Moore, Benjamin Teitelbaum, “RFC 2768: Network Policy and Services: A Report of a Workshop on Middleware” (The Internet Society, February 2000). (TXT)
An ad hoc middleware workshop was held at the International Center for Advanced Internet Research in December 1998. The Workshop was organized and sponsored by Cisco, Northwestern University’s International Center for Advanced Internet Research (iCAIR), IBM, and the National Science Foundation (NSF). The goal of the workshop was to identify existing middleware services that could be leveraged for new capabilities as well as identifying additional middleware services requiring research and development. The workshop participants discussed the definition of middleware in general, examined the applications perspective, detailed underlying network transport capabilities relevant to middleware services, and then covered various specific examples of middleware components. These included APIs, authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA) issues, policy framework, directories, resource management, networked information discovery and retrieval services, quality of service, security, and operational tools. The need for a more organized framework for middleware R&D was recognized, and a list of specific topics needing further work was identified.
“Timelines to the Future: Three Movers and Shakers Point the Way”
Reva Basch,Timothy M. Andrews, Clifford A. Lynch, “Timelines to the Future: Three Movers and Shakers Point the Way,” Searcher 8: 1 (January 2000). (HTML)
“Super searcher Reva Basch, Factiva president and CEO Tim Andrews, and Clifford Lynch, executive director of the Coalition for Networked Information, peer into the information industry mists and predict what lies ahead in the next 20 years.”
“Medical Libraries, Bioinformatics, and Networked Information: A Coming Convergence?”
Clifford A. Lynch, “Medical Libraries, Bioinformatics, and Networked Information: A Coming Convergence?” Bulletin of the Medical Libraries Association 87:4 (October 1999), pp. 408-414. (PDF)
Libraries will be changed by technological and social developments that are fueled by information technology, bioinformatics, and networked information. Libraries in highly focused settings such as the health sciences are at a pivotal point in their development as the synthesis of historically diverse and independent information sources transforms health care institutions. Boundaries are breaking down between published literature and research data, between research databases and clinical patient data, and between consumer health information and professional literature. This paper focuses on the dynamics that are occurring with networked information sources and the roles that libraries will need to play in the world of medical informatics in the early twenty-first century.
“Authentication and Trust”
Clifford A. Lynch, “Authentication and Trust in a Networked World,” EDUCOM Review 34:4 (July/August 1999), p. 60. (HTML)
“Scholarly Monograph’s Descendents”
Clifford A. Lynch, “The Scholarly Monograph’s Descendents,” Mary M. Case, ed., The Specialized Scholarly Monograph in Crisis, or How Can I Get Tenure if You Won’t Publish My Book? (Washington, DC: Association of Research Libraries, 1999), pp. 137-148. (HTML)
“Today & Tomorrow: What the Digital Library Really Means for Collections & Services”
Clifford A. Lynch, “Today and Tomorrow: What the Digital Library Really Means for Collections and Services,” Peggy Johnson and Bonnie MacEwan, eds., Virtually Yours: Models for Managing Electronic Resources and Services, ALCTS Papers on Library Technical Services and Collections, no.8 (Chicago, IL: American Library Association, 1999), pp. 85-97.
“Information Landscapes for a Learning Society”
Clifford A. Lynch, “Civilizing the Information Ecology: Views of Information Landscapes for a Learning Society,” Sally Criddle, Lorcan Dempsey and Richard Heseltine, eds., Information Landscapes for A Learning Society: Networking and the Future of Libraries 3: An International Conference Held at the University of Bath, 29 June -1 July 1998 (London: Library Association Publishing, 1999), pp. 257-268.
“Building Digital Libraries for Metadiversity: Federation Across Disciplines”
Clifford A. Lynch, “Building Digital Libraries for Metadiversity: Federation Across Disciplines,” Richard T. Kaser and Victoria Cox, eds., Metadiversity: The Call for Community: Proceedings of the Symposium Sponsored by the U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division and The National Federation of Abstracting and Information Services, November 9-12, 1998 (Philadelphia, PA: NFAIS, 1999), pp. 123-129.
“New Economic Models to Support Standardization”
Clifford A. Lynch, “The Case for New Economic Models to Support Standardization Efforts,” Information Standards Quarterly 11:2 (April 1999), pp.5-10. (ISQ Archives)
Earlier version in Standards Engineering: The Journal of the Standards Engineering Society 51:1 (January/February 1999), pp. 1-6.
“New Genres of Scholarly Communication”
Clifford A. Lynch, “On the Threshold of Discontinuity: The New Genres of Scholarly Communication and the Role of the Research Library,” Hugh A. Thompson, ed., Racing Toward Tomorrow: Proceedings of the Ninth National Conference of the Association of College and Research Libraries, April 8-11, 1999 (Chicago: ACRL, 1999), pp. 410-418. (PDF)
“Access Mgt for Networked Info”
Clifford A. Lynch, “Access Management for Networked Information Resources,” ARL Newsletter 201 (December 1998), pp. 3-7. Another version in CAUSE/EFFECT 21:4 (Winter 1998-1999), pp.4-9. (PDF)
“The Role of Digitization in Building Electronic Collections”
Clifford A. Lynch, “The Role of Digitization in Building Electronic Collections: Economic and Programmatic Choices,” Selecting Library and Archive Collections for Digital Reformatting: Proceedings of the RLG Symposium, Washington, DC, November 5-6 1995 (Research Libraries Group,1996). Reprinted in Collection Management 22:3/4 (1998), pp.133-141. Also reprinted in Donald L. DeWitt, ed., Going Digital: Strategies for Access, Preservation and the Conversion of Collections to a Digital Format (Binghamton, NY: Haworth Press, 1998), pp 131-141.
“Some Technical and Economic Issues in the Design of a National Library for Undergraduate Science, Mathematics, Engineering and Technology Education”
Clifford A. Lynch, “Some Technical and Economic Issues in the Design of a National Library for Undergraduate Science, Mathematics, Engineering and Technology Education,” Developing a Digital National Library for Undergraduate Science, Mathematics, Engineering and Technology Education: Report of a Workshop (Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1998), pp. 90-93. (HTML)
This paper briefly summarizes my view of some of the key issues that would be involved in designing a national digital library to serve undergraduate education in science, mathematics, engineering and related fields. It also tries to emphasize unique characteristics of such an undergraduate-focused library which differentiate it from many existing digital library research efforts, such as those being carded out under the auspices of the ARPA/NASA/NSF Digital Library program. The paper ranges widely over technical, economic, content, and user issues: at this early stage in the conceptualization of such an undergraduate library it is very difficult to separate the issues cleanly or to understand how choices in one area will dictate requirements and approaches in others.
“Information Literacy and Information Technology Literacy”
Clifford A. Lynch, “Information Literacy and Information Technology Literacy: New Components in the Curriculum for a Digital Culture,” a position paper submitted to the Computer Science and Telecommunications Board of the National Research Council (February 1998). (PDF)
“When Technology Leads Policy”
Clifford A. Lynch, “When Technology Leads Policy,” Preservation of Digital Information: Proceedings of the 131st ARL Meeting, Washington, DC, October 15-17, 1997 (Washington, DC: Association of Research Libraries, 1997). (HTML)
“Z39.50 Information Retrieval Standard”
Clifford A. Lynch, “The Z39.50 Information Retrieval Standard, Part I: A Strategic View of Its Past, Present and Future,” D-Lib Magazine (April 1997). (HTML)
